King David moving the Ark of the Covenant from Gibeon to the Tabernacle of David in Jerusalem. Painter unknown
Perhaps one of the most controversial articles I have written is “King David’s deep dark secret.” I have had more comments on that article than any others I have written and I have easily had more people disagreeing with me.
In the article I contend that King David was illegitimate. When he said in the Psalms that he was conceived in sin — he meant it quite literally. His mother conceived him in an act of sin.
Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity,
And in sin my mother conceived me. (Psalm 51:5 NASV)
This explains what happened when God told Samuel to go to Bethlehem to anoint one of the sons of Jesse as the next king of Israel, replacing Saul (1 Samuel 16:1-13).
The Bible tells us the elders were trembling when the prophet showed up (v 4). Samuel terrified the elders, so when God’s prophet asked for all the sons, the elders would make sure they were there.
But they excluded David. Some suggest this happened because he was the youngest, but considering the fear they had of Samuel, that doesn’t make sense. However, if David was not a true son (illegitimate), the elders could rationalize not including David.
Nevertheless, when Samuel realized that none of the sons before him was the one God chose, the prophet asked if there were any others. The elders quickly brought David in from the fields and Samuel anointed him as king.
But a comment on the article by Dr. J. Watson got me thinking, he wrote in part:
“For one thing, you are giving Jewish commentaries far too much credibility. Plus, if this totally groundless theory were true, then David would have been a bastard and would not have been allowed to enter into the congregation of the Lord (Deut. 23:2), which he did do, of course, many times with great delight (Ps.42:4)… — Dr. J. D. Watson, pastor/author”
Dr. Watson respectfully makes a very good point.
The Tabernacle of Moses was where the congregation gathered and where the priests performed the sacrifices on behalf of Israel. Illegitimate children were forbidden from participating in these gatherings (Deuteronomy 23:2).
So despite being chosen by God to be King of Israel, because of his illegitimacy, David could not participate in worship at the Tabernacle of Moses.
When David became King, the Tabernacle of Moses was at set up at Shiloh but after the Philistines destroyed Shiloh and temporarily captured the ark of the Covenant (1 Samuel 4:1, 1 Samuel 6:1-2, 1 Samuel 7:1), the Tabernacle of Moses was moved to Gibeon and Ark of the Covenant ended up at Kiriath Jearim after the Philistines decided to return it because of all the problems the Ark was causing them (2 Chronicles 1:1-4).
The Ark of the Covenant was the most important piece of furniture in the Tabernacle because the presence of God rested on the Ark as it sat inside the Holy of Holies, a place only the High Priest could enter.
After David became king, he decided to move the Ark of the Covenant to a tent set up in Jerusalem — called the Tabernacle of David (see also 1 Chronicles 16) instead of returning it to the Tabernacle of Moses.
16 Then it happened as the ark of the Lord came into the city of David that Michal the daughter of Saul looked out of the window and saw King David leaping and dancing before the Lord; and she despised him in her heart.17 So they brought in the ark of the Lord and set it in its place inside the tent which David had pitched for it; and David offered burnt offerings and peace offerings before the Lord. 18 When David had finished offering the burnt offering and the peace offering, he blessed the people in the name of the Lord of hosts. 19 Further, he distributed to all the people, to all the multitude of Israel, both to men and women, a cake of bread and one of dates and one of raisins to each one. Then all the people departed each to his house. (2 Samuel 6:16-19 NASV)
Though the Ark of the Covenant was now in Jerusalem, the priests continued making sacrifices at the Tabernacle of Moses (1 Chronicles 16:37-40).
So why did David make this controversial decision to move the Ark to a tent in Jerusalem?
David made this unusual move because he realized when Samuel anointed him king this meant despite his bastard status God accepted David just as he was. God had shown mercy. God approved of him.
David deeply desired to be in God’s presence, but he couldn’t do it at the Tabernacle of Moses because of his illegitimacy. But he could do it, if he moved the Ark of the Covenant to a different location and different home. And despite one glitch (2 Samuel 6:6-7), the move had God’s approval.
At the Tabernacle of David, King David now had full, free access to God’s Presence. Further, there was no veil separating people from Ark of the Covenant, as there was in Moses’s tabernacle.
Everyone could come before God’s Presence at this simple tent.
Many of the Psalms were written for worship in the Tabernacle of David. The move sparked a different type of worship than what typically occurred at Moses’s tabernacle. At David’s tabernacle, the people:
- Made sacrifices of praise (instead of animal sacrifices) to God (Psalm 27:6).
- Clapped their hands (Psalm 47:1).
- Lifted their hands in worship (Psalm 134).
- Shouted (Psalm 47:1, 5).
- Danced (2 Samuel 6:16; Psalm 149:3).
- Sought the Lord (1 Chronicles 16:10-11), and
- Played their instruments (1 Chronicles 23:5; Psalm 47:5; Psalm 149:3).
They had glory times in God’s presence.
Aside from these expressions of worship, the psalmists also wrote several time of gentiles coming into the Kingdom of God (Psalm 18:49; Psalm 117:1; Psalm 47:8-9). They would have the same access to God’s presence as the Jews.
The Tabernacle of David existed for a brief time between the Tabernacle of Moses and the Temple that David’s son Solomon constructed. After the temple was completed, the priests transported the Ark of the Covenant from David’s tent into the Temple’s Holy of Holies and the Glory of God fell (2 Chronicles 5:14).
But after the temple’s construction, some strange prophecies started surfacing. The prophet Amos talked about the restoration of David’s Tabernacle — not the Tabernacle of Moses or even the Temple — but rather David’s small tent.
“In that day I will raise up the fallen booth [Tabernacle] of David,
And wall up its breaches;
I will also raise up its ruins
And rebuild it as in the days of old;
12 That they may possess the remnant of Edom
And all the nations who are called by My name,”
Declares the Lord who does this. (Amos 9:11-12 NASV)
But notice the reference to the Gentiles. They would become a big part of the restoring of David’s tabernacle. In fact, it seems the restoration would be primarily for this purpose — to bring in the gentiles.
Everyone, Jew or gentile, would have equal access to God’s Presence.
This passage is mentioned again by leaders of the early church when controversy erupted after the gentiles became Christians and were filled with the Holy Spirit. The church called a meeting to decide what to do with these outsiders.
Some of the Judaizers thought the church needed to circumcised the gentiles. Essentially they needed to become Jews before becoming Christians.
But others disagreed.
At the conference, James quoted the Amos passage (Acts 15:13-20), and said it was being fulfilled before their eyes. Further he added gentiles did not need to be circumcised, they would come in as equal partners in faith with the Jews.
The Tabernacle of David was a symbol or foreshadow of the church. In the Book of Hebrews, we are told to come boldly into the Throne Room of God (Hebrews 4:16). Because of the redeeming work of Jesus, we have full access to God’s presence, just like they did in the Tabernacle of David.
The New Testament writers described Jesus as head of the Church (Colossians 1:18). The prophet Isaiah described this in a slightly different way. He said the Messiah would rule from the “tent of David” (Isaiah 16:5).
The Tabernacle of Moses had its purpose. It showed the perfection needed to come before the Presence of God. No sin. No illegitimacy.
But the Tabernacle of David showed the mercy of God. He was going to make a way so all would have equal access to God’s Presence because of Jesus’ cleansing blood (1 John 1:7).
Illegitimate sons would become “children of God” (2 Corinthians 6:18).
26 For you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. (Galatians 3:26 NASV)
FINAL NOTE: As King David was transporting the Ark of the Covenant from Kiriath-jearim to Jerusalem, an incident took place that stopped the procession (2 Samuel 6:6-15). The Ark of the Covenant slipped and Uzzah reached out steady it.
As soon as his hand touched the Ark of the Covenant, he was immediately struck dead by the Presence of God.
Stunned, the procession stopped. No doubt at this moment David thought he had made a huge mistake moving the Ark out of the Tabernacle of Moses. He may have even thought it wasn’t God’s will.
They quickly arranged to store the Ark at the farm of Obed-edom. He was a Gittite — a gentile. Probably fearing for their lives, David and his entourage headed back to Jerusalem.
The Ark sat at the farm for three months. But something bizarre began to happen God blessed this gentile farmer. It was so noticeable that the news even reached King David at his palace. It was a prelude to God’s prophetic promise that gentiles would pour into the Kingdom of God through the Tabernacle of David.
It revealed one important thing. God was not angered by the Ark being moved out of the Tabernacle of Moses. If He was, Obed-edom would have been cursed, not blessed. Emboldened by what was happening, King David realized his plan to set up the Ark in Jerusalem was God’s will, but that it needed to be done properly.
A plan was quickly developed to transport the Ark to the Tabernacle of David.
More in the Tabernacle of David series:
OpentheWord.org 
I am flabbergasted by your wonderful article on the Tabernacle of David! Awesome work, I am blessed beyond words by it.
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Thanks very much for your comment.
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When King David brought the Ark to Jerusalem, it was located at the house of Obed-edom. However, the Tabernacle of Moses was located at Gibeon at this time. After the Ark was captured by the Philistians, it was never placed into the Tabernacle of Moses again.
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Very insightful expository writing on the Tabernacle of David. My understanding is enlightened. Thank you for sharing and it was a timely read. Blessings.
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Thanks for your comment John. Blessings
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Dean, thank you for your article and emphasis on the value of the Tabernacle of David as the forerunner to the church we are now part of. I wanted to know why you assert that the Ark of the Covenant was taken from Gibeon? In 2Samuel 6 it says that David went to retrieve it from the House of Abinidab and in 1 Samuel 7, the House of Abinidab is in Kireath-Jearim. Is there another scripture that indicates the Ark was in Gibeon? Thanks!
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Thanks very much for your comment. I had corrected that mistake earlier, but I missed my second mention of Gibeon later in the article. Thanks very much for pointing it out. God Bless
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Everyone is born a sinner. It pass down from the first man Adam. David
understand the Torah. Before he came into the presence of God, he needed
an animal (goat, Lamb) to make atonement for his sins. He is not a
illegitimate child. You have misunderstood the scripture.
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Thanks for your comment Jackie. I realize that we have traditionally used this verse to prove the sin nature of man, which I wholeheartedly agree with this. But when David said I was conceived in sin, was he talking about his sin nature or are we to take this verse literally?
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Oh okay. Thanks for writing! It’s great that you are sharing your insights. God Bless!
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Great article. One point you might want to look at. The ark was taken to war and captured by the philistines. David was bringing it back to Jerusalem. He did not take it from the wilderness tabernacle. He just brought it back to Jerusalem instead of returning it to the wilderness tabernacle.
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Thank you for your enlightening article, Dean. It answers so many questions! For example, I could never figure it out how come that Ashaph who was a levite and a leaders of the worship could enter the “sanctuary” and receive apocalyptic visions (see Ps.73:17-20). Now it’s clear. He was allowed to serve before the Ark in the Tabernacle that had no curtain (1 Chron. 16:37).
But things become even more interesting when you start considering David’s actions as restoration of yet another order and sanctuary – the Melchizedekian. Because David obviously acts as a High Priest while transporting the Arc and latter on says about his son Solomon that he is installed as a priest according to the order of Melchizedek (Ps.110). Melchizedek was a king-priest of Salem (). He was a gentile, yet, Abraham payed him a tribute (Gen.14:17-20).
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Thanks for your comment. I have been wondering about how Melchizedek fits into all this as well. He is a very interesting Old Testament figure.
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Thanks for this insightful article. Whether David was illegitimate or not, I think you have really captured the heart and intention of God – expounded beautifully on the prophecies – and wrapped it all up in a way that makes me celebrate His goodness. And that is REALLY the point of it all, isn’t it?
Finally, your wonderfully brief but comprehensive history of the Ark was fun to read. And you gave really good examples of how David’s Tabernacle was different from Abrahams.
I am not at all offended by the suggestion that David was illegitimate. Your theory really absolutely makes perfect sense! I have never understood why David was not be brought before the prophet. This is a great explanation for that. It also gives a little bit more insight into David’s heart and his deep love affair with Adonai.
Thanks for the article! It was an enjoyable read.
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Hi BreAnna thanks for your comme nt. Certainly many don’t agree, but I think like you said it helps explain what was happening to David. It also shows that God is not a respector of persons. No matter what your background is God will use you.
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I really enjoyed reading this. I have been studying a great deal as of late since discovering my Jewish DNA. I think that the unearthing and “Shaking the Dust off” The City of David in prophecy is well underway and with almost daily findings there, I think it is only a matter of time until David’s Tabernacle is found preserved thru the ages and along with the soon to be discovered foundation of Solomon’s Temple in the City of David, It will be a site to behold the Tabernacle standing on the threshing floor again. Since God destroyed the attempted rebuilding of the third Temple in 363 AD I’m sure HE, God, Does not want nor need a third Temple in light of His Son’s sacrifice.
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Thanks very much for your comment. I am not convinced that God wants a third temple built either. It will be interesting to see how this all plays out. God Bless
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I only heard about the Tabernacle of David this year and its significance to the New testament Church. I am studying this subject further and your information has helped me a lot. I have studied and noted the order of things in the Tabernacle in the wilderness(Tabernacle of Moses) and of how God repeatedly told Moses to build it after the pattern He was showing him. On the tabernacle of David it is only the acknowledgement by God that David was a man after God’s own heart. My issue is this, in one instance God tells Moses to build according to the pattern being shown and on the other hand David is described as a man after God’s heart and builds a tabernacle that is contrary to the pattern shown to Moses. Can you please shed some more light on this!
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That is a very good question. I think the Tabernacle of Moses represented the law and perfection of God. No one who was illegitimate or had deformities could enter the Tabernacle of Moses, because it represented perfection. Everyone who entered the outer court had to make sacrifices.
The Tabernacle of David represented God’s mercy and love where anyone could come before the ark of the covenant without making sacrifices including gentiles, deformed and illegitimate. Meanwhile in the Tabernacle of Moses only the High priest could come before the ark of the Covenant.
The Tabernacle of David also represented how God was going to give people the desires of their heart. When David constructed his Tabernacle he was fulfilling the desires of his heart. He couldn’t enter the Tabernacle of Moses because David was illegitimate, but he wanted very much to be in the presence of God. So David built a different tabernacle and God approved. The Tabernacle of David represented freedom in God versus the Law represented by the Tabernacle of Moses.
Both Tabernacles operated side by side, each representing the different characteristics of God’s heart.
But the Tabernacle of David was looking ahead to the coming of the Messiah. It was David’s tabernacle that God was going to restore with the coming of Jesus and His perfect sacrifice.
I wrote an article further explaining this. I am not sure if you read it or not, but here is the link:
https://opentheword.org/2016/09/18/why-did-king-david-build-the-tabernacle-of-david/
I hope this makes sense. That’s how I understand it anyway. God bless and thanks again for your comment.
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Thank you very much for your explanation which has opened my eyes to see what I could not understand.concerning both tabernacles. As the Apostle John wrote in John 1.17 “For the law was given through Moses;grace and truth came through Jesus Christ.” and the tabernacle of David ably represented the grace of God! Alleluia! to God be the glory for His grace towards us who believe on Jesus of Nazareth!
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Wow! Wonderful article. Its only a week now that I have heard about the tabernacle of David and seeking further clarification has led me to your page. So many times we read the Bible without giving thought. David being an illegtimate child makes sense: why was he excluded when Samuel called for Jesse’s sons, or said that his mother conceived him in sin, or had a desire to build his own tabernacle? These all fit together. It should make us realize that God is not about following laws and rules as much as He is about relationship from the heart, as David himself says that God does not require sacrifices and burnt offerings…but a contrite heart. Thanks sooo much for being bold enough to share inspite of what “religious” Christians might say.
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Thanks for your comment Sunita. I agree for God it is all about our heart response. The Tabernacle of David expresses God’s acceptance of all who seek after Him.
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Hi
Thank you for this fascinating series about the Tabernacle of David.
I realise I am commenting two years too late, but I think no one in their comments has pointed out that according to Mosaic Law David would not be entitled to enter the Assembly whether or not he was illegitimate.
His great-grandmother was Ruth, a Moabite, and Deuteronomy 23:3 states:
“No Ammonite or Moabite may enter the assembly of the Lord. Even to the tenth generation, none of them may enter the assembly of the Lord forever,”
Thank you again for this thought provoking series.
Jonathan
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Thanks for your comment. Very good point. I believe the Tabernacle of Moses represented the perfection of God and the Tabernacle of David represented the grace of God where all peoples, gentiles and illegitimate would have unhindered access to the presence of God. In fact, they would have more access to God that even the Jews had in the Tabernacle of Moses.
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An excellent insight, for the closer we humans feel we are to God’s perfection, the more vulnerable we become to pride, ego and further falls.
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I believe that David’s mother was a High Priestess of Asherah in the Jebusite El Elyon shrine in Zion. King Nahash King of Ammon was the father of Abigail, David’s sister and sister of Zeruiah, the mother of Joab and his brothers. She was the holy harlot of the shrine and both Nahash and Jesse had hieros gamos with her, which is why Joab was able to take Zion without shedding blood. Araunah, Ahitophel, Eliam, Urriah, and Bathsheba, Nathan and Zadok were part of the Jebusite aristocracy which is why David wanted Bathsheba. It is the reason he took the head of Goliath to the Elyon shrine to honor his mother. David became the High Priest after to Order of Melchizedek and his sons were also priests of this order. Michal gave up her role as the Asherah when she looked out her window to show David as the Ark entered the city that she was ready for the royal intercourse but she dissed David and that was that.
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Woodrow, can you share where you learned about David’s mother?
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Go to my website, antinomianuniversalism.com, and read the main article, “The 22 Christ Kings of Zion. I explain this in full detail in the third section “What I Believe and How I Read the Bible.”
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I agree totally with Jackie Mok.
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1 Samuel 22:3 seems to be a scripture that helps show that David was legitimate. The fact that his father and mother are kept together and not separated seems to show that he is legitimate. For if they were not truly married, then it is sinful for them to be together.
Also in Judges 11:2, Jephthah is not mentioned as having brothers, but rather they are mentioned as “Gilead’s wife’s sons”. If the scribe who wrote Samuel indeed knew such, would it not be written?
In other words why would David be mentioned as one having brothers contrary to the style of the book of Judges. These are some scriptures that mention David having brothers. (1 Samuel 16:13, 17:17, 18, 22, 28. 2 Samuel 13:3, 32)
Although I know with either leaning one can possibly find endless opportunities to prove whatever choice. It seems to me logical to conclude otherwise.
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Thanks for your comment. Interesting verse about David bringing his father and mother to live with him.
The only thing I would respond with is that in Psalm 51:5, David says he was conceived in sin. If we take this literally it can only mean one thing, David was conceived in some type of illicit relationship. The ancient Jewish scholars understood this to mean exactly that. The only thing they differed on is on what type of illicit relationship did it involve.
So how did David end up bringing his mother and father to live with him? Well the answer is found in that same passage.
That is because Psalm 51 was written in the aftermath of David’s sin with Bathsheba as he tried to explain how he ended up doing what he did.
And David’s own actions explain the verse in 1 Samuel 22. And David’s own actions explain the verse in 1 Samuel 22. David had an adulterous relationship with a married woman, Bathsheba, and then after she became pregnant, David arranged the death of her husband and then married Bathsheba.
It is entirely possible that after their illicit relationship, David’s parents (like David and Bathsheba) ended up married.
I have no doubt David was conceived in some type of illicit sex act, the Bible is clear on that. What we don’t know is the details surrounding it?
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I have also wondered why David set up a separate tabernacle in Jerusalem, when he as king could have ordered that the Tabernacle of Moses be moved to Jerusalem. My thought is that he didn’t want to upset the public worship that was going on at the Tabernacle of Moses in Gibeon. But that is only a thought; I have no scripture to back up that thought.
A bit of advice: don’t accept something as fact until you have conclusive proof that it is a fact. I think this theory comes up a little short in terms of conclusive proof.
While I don’t believe you have enough evidence to support your theory of David being illegitimate, it is an interesting theory.
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Thank you for your comment. The more I have studied this subject on King David, the more I am convinced he was illegitimate. Psalm 51:5 reads:
“Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity,
And in sin my mother conceived me.”
The literal interpretation of “in sin my mother conceived me” suggests his mother was involved in some type of illicit relationship. I know others have taken this to mean that we all have a sin nature, which is certainly true.
But taken literally it means an illicit relationship. And even the ancient Jewish rabbis in the Talmud understood the verse to mean this. However, they tried to get around this problem by concocting a story that Jesse had divorced his wife and then they reconnected resulted in the birth of David (an act forbidden under the law), but still better than the alternative.
I think the early Rabbis were absolutely horrified that God had chosen an illegitimate man to be their King. I think God did it for that very reason to show that the Lord will use anyone who has a heart after Him.
But you are right, it is not something I can be adamant about.
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Searching the Inet for information about David’s Tabernacle, I came upon this article. You seem passionate about your theory, but it is not correct. God carefully plans the lineage of His Son. David was not illegitimate. Even though Rahab and Ruth are both brought into the lineage by faith, David had to be a legitimate son of Abraham.
David had a revelation about the New Covenant of Grace. He wrote several Psalms about the Crucifixion. He wrote about God’s son being of the order of Melchizedek, and not Aaron. David took the religious part of the law {that is the tabernacle of Moses, courtyard, alter, brass laver, Holy Place with the Menorah, Table of Shewbread, and Altar of incense} and removed them to only the Ark of the Covenant in one special tent. The Ark is the center of all of the items that God instructed Moses to make in Sinai. The Ark is the most representative of God’s Holy Son the Messiah. David knew this and knew that the only way to come to God was directly through the Ark (Jesus).
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I’m not convinced by either side of this contention. Looking at the family lines of Joseph and Mary it is clear GOD will do what He wants and not what we think He should do. Or has done. He stopped the King line of Joseph or Joseph could have possibly been a King of Israel. Mary’s blood line proves Jesus was indeed in line to be a KIng of Israel. You can easily see why Saul was so jealous of David. Maybe he knew things also. As for me I’m content to bathe in GODS amazing grace. If He could save me, Forgive me, Love me, Then it doesn’t matter about arguments and disagreements in the Word. We all know that today’s level of language interpretation of the Greek, Latin and Hebrew shows the King James Bible to have different meanings to words long held to mean something else. I just let God do the worrying about all this.
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Hal, Although I am reading this more that a year later, I have notice that you are the only person with a real and valid remark. I have scan the comments and people tend to make statements with no valid proof. If I may just in short. I have learned about the law of “First Mentioning” Reading between the line from my part, it is a fact that David was a priest According to the Order of Melchizedech. He must have been otherwhise YHWH would have killed him when he entered the holy place to take the bread. Shalom
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David wrote those psalms about himself, for he was a high priest after the order of Melchizedek and and as King of Jerusalem changed the shrine at Zion into the city of David, and added the tabernacle as his personal chapel. Other psalms were written about David or Solomon or one of the Seed of David. Jesus was of the Seed of David and transferred the exclusive Covenant of Grace God had with the Seed of David to us all through his holy blood. His true father was from Nathan, brother of Solomon from the same mother, Bathsheba. this was because the line through Solomon had been cursed by Jeremiah, which caused Zerubbabel not to reign. A Seed of David only reigned again in Zion when Jesus entered the Temple after his Grand Entrance on King Solomon’s Donkey, according to prophecy.
Woodrow Nichols
antinomianuniversalism.com
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Wow for some reason I seemed to have glossed over the part about illegitimate children not being able to enter the assembly and noticed mainly the part about the Ammonites and Moabites not being able to enter. This is a great point regarding the tabernacle and makes sense. Even if he wasn’t illegitimate, just being an ancestor to a woman of Moab would disqualify him.
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Came back to reread & share this in an FB group. One question that came to mind is: Do you suppose there is a sort of parallel between Nadab & Abihu coming close with strange fire only to die and Uzzah touching the ark and dying?
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Interesting. I never thought of that. The motivations leading to the two incidents seem to be different but are connected if you think that both were signs of disrespect. The sons of Aaron thought they could bring any type of fire they wanted to the altar and Uzzah thought he needed to rescue the presence of God. There is also a hint that the two sons of Aaron may have been drunk, because shortly after the strange fire incident, God told Aaron that he or his sons were not allowed to drink when working in the Tabernacle (Leviticus 10:8-9).
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Really blessed by your work on David’s Tabernacle. I’ve been following Jesus for 21 years and I’ve rarely heard messages on this! I wish it was more commonly talked about. So rich! Thanks
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